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Observational Report on the Socio-Economic Condition of the Tribal Community in Chiraigaon Block, Varanasi District





As part of our ongoing efforts to understand and improve the conditions of marginalized communities in India, we undertook a field visit to the tribal settlements in the Chiraigaon block of Varanasi district. Despite 75 years of India’s independence, the socio-economic condition of these communities remains deeply concerning.

While the Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) have received some benefits through government schemes and affirmative actions, a distinct segment of the tribal population — particularly the ancient tribal communities — continues to remain significantly disadvantaged. These communities are among the most marginalized groups in Indian society, still struggling with severe deprivation in terms of education, health, clean water, and economic opportunities.

One of the most pressing issues is land ownership. Many tribal families have lived on the same land for generations, yet they lack legal ownership or land titles. The inefficiency and apathy of the local administration have failed to resolve this critical issue. As a result, these communities are denied their rightful claim to the land they inhabit and cultivate.

Our interaction with the tribal residents revealed their resilience and hardworking nature, despite facing continuous neglect and social oppression. It is disheartening to see that in the 21st century, basic amenities such as safe drinking water, healthcare, education, and sanitation remain out of reach for many of them.

Our organization, People’s Vigilance Committee on Human Rights (PVCHR), has been consistently working to highlight such human rights violations and advocate for the rights of marginalized communities. Under the leadership of Dr. Lenin Raghuvanshi, a globally recognized human rights activist, PVCHR continues to bring these issues to the forefront and work toward practical solutions that ensure dignity, equity, and justice for the tribal population.

Much more needs to be done to ensure that the tribal communities in India are not left behind. This includes stronger policy implementation, administrative accountability, and genuine engagement with tribal voices in shaping their own development path.

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